William Shakespeares A Midsummer Night’s Dream - 1973 Words

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Night’s Dream The focus of this discussion will be upon the language and performance possibilities of this extract from the Dream[1], following brief consideration of the manner in which the extract relates to the rest of the play in terms of plot development and the reflection of certain of the play’s themes. Performance aspects are considered alongside the distinctive features of the language, as it is suggested that the nature of the language employed governs performance. Broadly speaking, it is argued that while the language of the extract lends itself to a humorous performance on more than one level, in certain respects the humour seeks to convey a serious†¦show more content†¦The discussion divides the extract into three sections: the first of these covers lines 80 to 91, concentrating on Flute’s speech as Thisbe; the second covers lines 92 to 105, concentrating on Puck’s speech of lines 94 to 99. The third section considers the remainder of the extract, focu sing on the exchange between Bottom and Titania. On a superficial level, Flute’s speech has a profoundly humorous tone, derived from the patently contradictory images and the irony, with which the language used to describe Bottom, as Pyramus, is laced. Language is hyperbolic, with ‘most’ repeated four times (3.1.80 and 82). Descriptions are effusive, conflicting and present the antithesis of the Bottom known to the audience. He is ‘lily-white of hue’ and yet also ‘radiant’ and ‘Of colour like the red rose’ (3.1.80 and 81). Equally, he is described as a ‘bristly juvenile’ (3.1.82) and, unlikely in the context of Elizabethan England, a ‘lovely Jew’ (3.1.82). So unlikely and internally conflicting are the descriptions that they appear to have been chosen with the principal aim of achieving the abab rhyme scheme. The concluding erroneous reference to ‘Ninny’s tomb’ (3.1.84) has the effect of a punch line, neatly encapsulating Flu te’sShow MoreRelated William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream could have easily been a light-hearted, whimsical comedy. Complete with a magic forest and a kingdom of fairies, it is an iconic setting for amorous escapades and scenes of lovers. But Shakespeare’s writing is never so shallow; through this romantic comedy, Shakespeare postulates an extremely cynical view of love. A Midsummer Night’s Dream becomes a commentary on the mystery of love, and lovers in general emerge shamedRead More William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream In William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, there are endless images of water and the moon. 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Four such words are â€Å"moon,† â€Å"moonlight,† â€Å"moonshine,† and â€Å"lunatic.† Each comes from a feminine root that serves to identify the women in the play asRead MoreEssay on Women in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream780 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare, is a play that illustrates a good picture of woman’s lack of freedom. It is a story of several couples, among which there is a fairy king, Oberon, who proves his sovereignty over the queen of the fairies, Titania. The two have an ongoing conflict about who should keep the Indian boy, whose mother had recently died. Titania doesn’t want to give him up because she and the boy’s mother knewRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream1283 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Shakespeare, in his A Midsummer Night’s Dream, uses his characters to cast a sense of derision over the use of the imagination. â€Å"The lunatic, the lover and the poet† are thrown together all on one line, and it is implied that the latter two are as crazy as the first. (Midsummer Night’s Dream, V.1.7) Despite this seeming scorn for plays and their ilk, Shakespeare is implementing a strong irony. Characters who scorn the imagination are no moreRead MoreEssay about William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream 1648 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are so many references to the eyes in A Midsummer Nights Dream that one would expect there to be a solid and consistent reason for their appearance. However, this does not seem to be the case. Indeed, the images associated with the eyes are so varied, and shift so frequently, that it is practically impossible to define what it is they represent. This difficulty reflects the problem of distinguishing between what is real and whatRead MoreThe Men of Rule in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†1491 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† two worlds are distinctly contrasted throughout the play. These worlds serve to be the extremes both in thought and action. One world is the Athenian state; which is governed by order, law and reason; whereas, the forest or fairy world lies within the domain of imagination, where anything is possible. While both worlds are paralleled in the play, th ey have complex interactions in which the characters succumb to influences to influences from both

How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior Free Essays

How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior There is a fine line between status and role. Status is the position or a rank in a group or social structure. An example of this would be the president, Barack H. We will write a custom essay sample on How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obama. The president is a status because it is a position in a social structure; in this case, Barack H. Obama would be the president of America. On the other hand, a role is an assumed or an expected way a person should behave. For example, a mother is an assumed position where as soon as a female gives birth, they are expected to take care of the child, and thus called â€Å"mother. In Philip G. Zimbardo’s article, â€Å"The Pathology Of Imprisonment,† (pg. 140, 2011) Zimbardo wanted to simulate a prison environment and see the psychological and how the roles of the guards and prisoners develop. Zimbardo did this by creating a advertisement in the newspaper and hired two dozen young men who were at first, all on the same playing field; all of them had no criminal record, emotionally stable, normal, and were all intelligent and from middle class families. The important part about this is that the role of prisoner and the role of guard were chosen by the flip of a coin which meant that the roles were completely random and the prison environment would be the only factor in how it shaper the boys behaviors. Throughout the experiment, the boys were videotaped so that Zimbardo could observe the behavior. Very quickly Zimbardo noticed that the guards became more and more aggressive towards the prisoners, and the prisoners reacted exactly how a real prisoner would react. Zimbardo states that the guards came up with many creative ways to control the prisoners. In one case, a rebellious prisoner, who refused to eat, was in solitary, and the rest of the prisoners were given a choice, whether to let the prisoner out and give up their blankets, or keep the blankets and keep the rebellious prisoner in solitary for the night. In the end, it was every man for himself and the rest of the prisoners chose to have their blankets. The only incentive for the prisoners was the pay of fifteen dollars per day, but some had to be cut short because of their reactions to the prison environment, such as crying, depression, and insanity. It was clear that the boys who were supposed to play the role of prisoners and guards were now acting in the mindset as if their status was really the prisoner and the guard. In fact, the experiment got too realistic and Zimbardo’s two-week experiment had to be cut short to six days. In Harvey Molotch’s article, (pg. 66, 2011)â€Å"The Rest Room and Equal Opportunity,† the author argues that even if men and women have equal amount of space in the bathrooms, it does not guarantee equal opportunity in the bathrooms because of the different roles of women and men. Men can use urinals, which take up less space than toilets and women need their own private stalls because of their specific needs. The author also suggests how western culture shapes the way how women use t he bathroom, such as doing make up and gossiping. Therefore the differences in roles of women and men cause unequal opportunities even if they are given the same opportunity. How to cite How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior, Papers

Effectiveness and Benefits of The Communication †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effectivenessand Benefits of The Communication. Answer: In the current business scenario, effective business communication plays an important role in maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of the teamwork in the organizations. This is due to the fact that, the more effective will be the communication among the team members, the more effective will be the team work (Guffey and Loewy 2012). This will enable the team members to enhance their mutual understanding among themselves. In addition, initiation of the effective business communications also helps the organizations to determine the requirement of the employees and vice versa. Thus, with having the accurate data and information about the requirement and expectation of the employees, it is being beneficial for the upper level management to meet the employees requirement along enhancing their level of motivation and job satisfaction in the workplace (Waldeck et al. 2012). Moreover, it is also being considered that, ethics is one of the most influential factors that should be noted b y the company. This is due to the reason that, effectiveness of the teamwork will be maximized only when ethical principles will be followed. Thus, initiation of the effective communication channel in the organization will help to enhance the connectivity among the team members. It will eventually refrain the team members to opt for any unethical business practices. For the contemporary business organizations, effective business communication is much important due to the fact that, majority of the organizational work is being done on the basis of teamwork. Thus, having the effective team work among the internal stakeholders is important for the contemporary business organizations. The more effective will be the communication among the employees, the more knowledge will be effectively shared among the internal stakeholders, which will eventually enhance the competitive advantages of the organizations in the market (Wang and Wang 2012). This essay will discuss about the effectiveness and benefits of having the communication among the team members for the contemporary business organizations. In addition, various aspects of team work such as team effectiveness and team performance will also be discussed in this essay. The role of effective communication in maintaining the ethical principles in the team work will be discussed and evaluated in this essay. This report will conclude about the effectiveness of the communication for the team work along with its importance. Various aspects of team work There are various aspects or dimensions of team work, which should be considered by the business organizations in having the effective team work in the organization. One of the key factors that should be considered by the business organizations is the diversity in the team. According to West (2012), diversity is one of the key factors that should be maintained by the business organizations. According to the author, diversity among the team members will help the team to gather more diverse information regarding any certain issue. Moreover, the authors also stated that, with the help of the diversity among the team members, more diverse knowledge will be shared among the employees, which will in turn benefit the organization. Importance of leadership Another dimension of the teamwork that should be maintained by the business organizations is the effective leadership quality. According to Braun, Peus, Weisweiler and Frey (2013), leadership plays an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of the team. According to the authors, one of the most important roles being played by the leaders is to maintain the consensus among the employees. Moreover, it is also the responsibility of the leadership to design and initiate the organizational culture and structure, which will be most suitable and effective for the team relationship. The authors have also stated that, it is the key responsibility of the leaders to motivate their team members in enhancing their effectiveness in the organization. The more motivated will be the team members in accomplishing their respective job, the more effective will be the achievement of the organizational objective (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Conflict management Another dimension of the team work is the team conflict. It is the only negative dimension of the entire concept of the team work. According to this concept, majority of the organizational teams will face conflict due to the emergence of the difference of opinion among the team members. All the team members will come up with different opinions and thus, a conflict will arise. Thus, it is important to have effective communication among the team members in order to reduce the probability of the origination of the conflict. According to DeChurch, Mesmer-Magnus and Doty (2013), effective management of the conflict in the team is important to have the maximized productivity and effectiveness of the team work. According to them, it is the responsibility of the team members to adjust with the opposite opinions and suggestions of other team members. The authors also stated that, the team leaders should also play an important role in maintaining the consensus among the team members, which wil l help the team to prevent the issue of difference in conflict. Thus, according to them, the more effective will be the consensus among the team members, the more effective will be the team performance. In this case also, communication plays an important role due to the reason that, if the communication among the team members is effective, only then the opinion and suggestion of the members will be effectively communicated among the other team members (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Thus, if all the team members are having the access of the opinions and suggestions of other members, then the team leaders can gather the information from all the team members regarding the building of consensus. Communication and teamwork In the modern organization teamwork is one of the major factors for gaining competitive advantage and increasing the productivity of the organization. Businesses require people to work as a team so that different perspectives are essential for developing a perfect solution for the organization. There are lot of benefits involved in working together, which includes the possibility of developing friendship with the colleges in the organization. the responsibilities in the organization can be distributed accordingly and increase the motivation level of the workforce in the organization (Gluyas 2015). On the contrary, team work may lead to anxiety and tension in the organization due to the lack of ineffective communication in the organization. Thus, it can be seen that communication is one of the major factor for the improving teamwork among the workforce. When the communication in the organization is effective it will help to reduce the negative feelings and stress. Thus, it is the resp onsibility of the leaders in the organization to encourage the people so to communicate with each other to improve the processes. This is more important and prevalent in the small-scale organization that the large scale organization (Bovee, Thill and Raina 2016). However, that does not mean that there is no significance of communication in the small-scale industries in the multinational organizations. Thus, the multinational organization often uses team-bonding exercises to improve the communication and motivation of the workforce. It is the essential to keep an open mind if they want to develop an effective communication in the workforce. The workforce would have to engage in active listening processes and have a clear understanding of the requirements and the project goals. However, out of all the essential factors active is the most essential for developing communication fluency within the workforce. The use of active listening will help in asking questions that are relevant, taking notes and repeating the things said by a person so that it can be clarified. When the team members within the organization are able to ask questions to each other by keeping an open mind and engage in communication, then they are able to built trust and harmony in the environment of work instead of making in assumptions in the procedures (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Thus, this will help to develop an environment of business that is full of motivation and camaraderie. These will ensure the success of the business processes in the org anization. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the company to provide training and development procedure for personal growth and development of interpersonal skills. The various types of communication that is being used in the organization procedure will include phone conversations, emails, face-to-face conversations and letter writing (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). However, it is important to develop a communication system which is two way so that the flow of information flows from and to all levels of hierarchy. This will enable the workforce to align their personal goals with that of the goals of the organization. However, it is essential for the managers in the organization to identify the employees lacking in communication skills so that the organization can focus on their personal development. Teamwork, communication and ethics The stakeholders of the organization expect the workforce to behave in a consistent manner so that their personal goals are in alignment with the goals of the organization. The organizations set standards for proper conduct in the business, which means that the company officials expect a certain degree of behaviour from the workforce. Thus, the organization has set a standard for behaviour in the organization (Levitt 2015). Moreover, it is essential to create a positive attitude towards developing a standard in behaviour among the workforce assist helps to improve the quality of the environment and increase the productivity. This will ensure to create a productive environment, which is essential for conducting business in a proper way. Respect and communication is the factor for marinating the standard ethics within the workforce. It is the duty of all the employees to respect each other and give value to the opinions of their colleagues. The workforce environments in the multinational organizations have become diverse so it important to respect each other cultural values and understand it by communicating in an effective manner (Ferraro and Briody 2017). When there is discrimination in the workforce due to cultural differences, it leads to the decrease in the workforce of the organization. Thus, by promoting harmony and respect within the workforce it improves team bonding, communication and improves the productivity of the organization. Thus, it is the duty of the employees in the organization to maintain cooperation and team work in a dignified way so that the workforce environment sets examples for he other companies in the market. It is essential to develop a positive attitude among the employees within the organization as it helps to motivate the other employees in the organization. Thus, the manager should lead by examples by being honest with the employees and share their perspective with effective communication. This would motivate the workforce and develop a mutual respect for the leader (Martin and Ciurzynski 2015). Moreover, it is essential to maintain the ethical practise due to the increase in the cross-cultural diversity in the workforce. However, it is the duty of the employees to follow the rules ad regulation regarding ethical aspect but the managers will have to monitor them so that they can identify the wrongdoing in the organization. Unethical behaviour and immorality are the two factors, which sh ould be avoided by the organization as it causes distraction and sets bad examples for the other employees. Unethical behaviour of one employee will affect the entire workforce and de-motivate them. Thus, the organization should be strict about the ethical policies within the organization so that they can maintain the harmony within the organization (Casmir 2013). The employees should be provided proper training regarding the ethical aspect in the workforce to make them understand the consequences of their behaviour which will enable them to grow at a personal level and guide the other employees in the organization to avoid any unethical behaviours that will hamper the productivity of the workforce and the organization. Conclusion Thus, from the above discussed points, it can be concluded that, in having the effective team work in the organization, communication plays an important role. Various literatures are being discussed in this essay in order to gain an understanding about the opinions about the effectiveness of the communication. In this essay it is being evaluated that, to effectively manage the team work, it is important to enhance the communication channel in the organization. Moreover, various other dimensions have also being discussed in this essay. These dimensions are being discussed due to the reason that, it helped to determine and identify the factors that should be considered by the business organizations in enhancing the effectiveness of the team work. Thus, this essay concludes that there are various factors and aspects of the team work in the contemporary business scenario, which should be maintained holistically by the business organizations. Effective business communication among the tea m members will help to enhance the process of the knowledge sharing among the employees. References Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bovee, C.L., Thill, J.V. and Raina, R.L., 2016.Business communication today. Pearson Education India. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Casmir, F.L. ed., 2013.Ethics in intercultural and international communication. Routledge. DeChurch, L.A., Mesmer-Magnus, J.R. and Doty, D., 2013. Moving beyond relationship and task conflict: Toward a process-state perspective. Ferraro, G.P. and Briody, E.K., 2017.The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. Gluyas, H., 2015. Effective communication and teamwork promotes patient safety.Nursing Standard,29(49), pp.50-57. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012.Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Levitt, S.R., 2015. Cultural Factors Affecting International Teamwork Dynamics.International Journal Of Knowledge, Culture Change In Organizations: Annual Review,13. Martin, H.A. and Ciurzynski, S.M., 2015. Situation, background, assessment, and recommendationGuided huddles improve communication and teamwork in the emergency department.Journal of Emergency Nursing,41(6), pp.484-488. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Waldeck, J., Durante, C., Helmuth, B. and Marcia, B., 2012. Communication in a changing world: Contemporary perspectives on business communication competence.Journal of Education for Business,87(4), pp.230-240. Wang, Z. and Wang, N., 2012. Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance.Expert systems with applications,39(10), pp.8899-8908. West, M.A., 2012.Effective teamwork: Practical lessons from organizational research. John Wiley Sons.

Staying Put free essay sample

This paper that analyzes a book Scott Russell Sanderss book Making a Home in a Restless World which explains the concept of home. The following paper examines how todays societies and cultures encourage us to move rather than to stay put, according to Sanders. The author discusses how in the introduction to this collection of brilliantly written essays, Sanders desires and locates his interest in fashioning a life that is firmly grounded in household and community, in awareness of nature, and in contact with that source from which all things arise. Every place needs both people who are committed to it as their home and people who move in and out. Scott Russell Sanders, author of Staying Put: Making a Home in a Restless World said in an interview that it is essential that there be many people who are deeply committed to their places. Sanders says that if every community, every region and every land had people who were committed to their land, then other people could move around. We will write a custom essay sample on Staying Put or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sanders main thesis in the book is that home is not the place where you have to go but where you WANT to go. It is not a place where you are admitted but a place which is yours, where you are warmly welcomed, by the people, the flowers, the walls, the soil and the very grass.

“Apples Price

â€Å"Apples Price â€Å"Apples Price-Fixing Penalties Dont Go Beyond E-Books† Essay Bradley McEwan Business Policy Strategy â€Å"Apple's Price-Fixing Penalties Don't Go Beyond E-Books† As some of us may know, the technological giant â€Å"Apple Inc† along with six other major publishers was accused of price fixing in 2012. The Department of Justice accused the companies of conspiring of banding together to fix the prices of e-books in an attempt to compete against Amazon’s cheaply priced e-books and chip away at its Kindle lead in the e-book market. After trials this year, Apple was found guilty as being the leader amongst the culprits who set out to put the plan in motion and faced penalties sought out by the Department of Justice. The main injunction sought out by the Department of Justice was for an antitrust monitor to be put in place over all Apple’s digital products, not limited to e-books only. This Business Week article is based on the ruling in which a federal judge has granted the U.S government the injunction they sought but limited the over sight to just the e-book market. The decision did come as a shock as prosecutors argued that anticompetitive behavior would lead to the same behavior in another field, however, the federal judge in the case based her ruling on the worries that too much oversight would be â€Å"hampering the company’s ability to innovate.† As an outside consultant looking at the problem, I believe its sufficient to say Apple should look for alter methods of increasing their presence in the e-book market. They got off the hook

A Tale of Two Cities Character Carton Analysis Essay Example for Free

A Tale of Two Cities Character Carton Analysis Essay Character (1309) , Charles Dickens (378) , A Tale of Two Cities (24) , Sydney Carton (12) , Charles Darnay (9) , Lucie Manette (7) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Sydney Carton’s character went through a series of decisions that affected the outcome of the novel. Sydney Carton looks almost looks exactly the same as Charles Darnay, but the main difference, was that Darnay was sober a majority of the time, and he cared and worked for his life. Lucie, the love of Carton’s life, had fallen in love with Darnay. After Carton realized that Lucie would have picked him if he hadn’t been so slavish and drunk a majority of the time, he decided to change. He knew he had already lost Lucie, but he thought that maybe he could still use the rest of his life for the better. His decision to change was not state out right, but the events in the novel, led the reader to the conclusion, that he turned around his life for Lucie. At the beginning of the novel, when Carton is first introduced, he is sitting in the courtroom staring at the ceiling. The author made it seem like Carton did not care what was going on in the courtroom, but later the reader discovers that Carton was listening to the case the entire time. Carton had heard a flaw in the prosecutor’s plan, and he gave a note to Stryver, resulting in an acquittal, which Stryver had received full credit. As the reader continues reading, it is later discovered that Carton is the hand guiding Stryver, while Stryver is just the image. Carton never did anything for himself; because he was too busy helping others. Later in the novel, Carton planned an almost full proof plan to help Charles Darnay. Even though he had made the decision to change, and think out a plan, he never lost the characteristic of putting others before himself. Although he took the place of the Darnay, before his death, he took it for Lucie. As Carton’s character is slowly unfolded throughout the second book, the reader can conclude that Carton dislikes Darnay. Carton dislikes Darnay, because Darnay is the constant reminder to Carton of what he could have been like, if he had not made bad choices in law school and made good choices in general. Whenever Carton came over to the Manette’s home, and was in the presence of Darnay, he was even more quiet then usual. However, when he decided to turn his life around, he buried his hatred for Darnay, and treated him with respect. Even with this decision, carton could not have Lucie, but she accepted him as part of her own family, and he was content with that. At the end of the novel, Carton takes time to plan out a five-step plan to save Darnay, and ends up sacrificing himself for a man he use to hate. Part of Carton’s old personality, was that he always wore his emotions on his sleeve. He thought he was useless and he lacked self-esteem. This was shown throughout the beginning of the book, for he was a drunk resembling his worthless life. He didn’t speak in the conversation unless it was a topic that he truly cared for. Right before his change, he professed his love to Lucie. After his change, he learned to hide his emotions. Although he may not like Darnay, he kept those feelings to himself. He stayed mysterious in Book III, in order for his plan to be successful and his appearance to be surprising. The character, Sydney Carton, was given a second chance as their life was resurrected. Lucie Manette is responsible for the resurrection of Sydney Carton, for she was the inspiration that got Sydney Carton off his feet. Carton twice saves Charles Darnay even though he disliked him. Carton described himself as a wasted creature but Lucy explained that she had faith in him and that he was capable of doing better things. He ended up promising that he would do anything for her, sacrificing his life for Charles Darnay. By hiding his emotions, he was able to carry out a plan without anyone attempting to stop him. Carton strived to become a better person and change his life around because Lucie believed in him. Because of the change in Carton, Darnay’s life is spared and Carton dies with dignity, knowing his life was not a waste. A Tale of Two Cities Character Carton Analysis. (2017, Feb 21).

The Great Gatsby, Animal Farm or When I Whistle Essay

The Great Gatsby, Animal Farm or When I Whistle - Essay Example In Animal Farm, Napoleon is supposedly successful in the management of his farm, but fails to create the utopian society he envisioned because of his own fatal flaw, the desire for material comforts. Through these characters, both Fitzgerald and Wells are able to illustrate how a fatal flaw in the individual can contribute to their own downfall even while they make a more sweeping comment regarding the societies in which they were living. Both Jay Gatsby and Napoleon are seen as tremendous successes at some point in their life after building themselves up from dirt level. Gatsby has re-created himself from the son of a poor country man to a millionaire in New York through a long series of practiced moves designed to win him the girl of his dreams, Daisy. Napoleon has worked himself up literally from the dirt of his pigpen to the leader of a successful farm through a series of practiced moves designed to attain the equality of species he envisions. There is a moment in each story when each character seems to attain everything they have dreamed of. Gatsby hears Daisy tell him she loves him and envisions the two of them beginning a new life together. Napoleon wins the respect and admiration of the surrounding farmers as his farm proves to be more successful than any of the others around. Their use of skillful rhetoric to support their actions and desires is performed so well that it takes a long time before the truth is seen by readers and by other characters and even then, it’s only revealed slowly through the narration between the characters and the actions they undertake. This is illustrated most clearly in Nick’s summary of Gatsby’s last evening, â€Å"He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity

Goal Setting Framework Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Goal Setting Framework - Term Paper Example Due to the rising cost of distribution, Los Angeles Tribune will use any of the following strategies to achieve its set goal; distribute jointly with other producers to the consumers, use digital distribution channel, increase the number of middlemen companies to assist in distributing its products or create new subsidiaries in different cities and towns to reduce the distribution cost. Of all these strategies, the organization shall use digital distribution as one of the most appropriate strategies. Therefore, the organization will distribute most of its newspapers through online system. This tactic will ensure that customers subscribe for their newspapers for them to get access to the papers. Various activities need to be carried out in order to reduce the cost of distribution such as; proper education of the customers on how they will get the online papers without any constrain and advertising to the public to create awareness of the new move in the organization so that they are n ot surprised with the new organizations move (Barton, 2001). This is planned to reduce the cost of distribution by 10% in every month. This measure Barton of success will show the progress of the goal set to reduce the cost of distribution so that the profit realized may increase. The other goal is to increase circulation revenue. The Los Angeles Tribune is making strategies such as to increase the newspaper supply, increase the advertisement efforts or to reduce the prices to attract more customers. With the investigation, the organization has realized that the circulation revenue goes down due to an increase in the prices of its newspaper. Therefore, one of the tactics that the organization will use is to reduce the price of its papers so that it regains its market share in the next two months. This will be done through reducing other costs, which will result in a cut, in prices. As a measure of success, 5% price cut in

Wooden churches in Eastern Europe Essay Example for Free

Wooden churches in Eastern Europe Essay Wooden churches in Eastern Europe represent distinctive feature of regional cultural heritage and are probably the most valuable contribution of this land to the world art treasury. In this research we will make an attempt to make in-depth analysis of relationships between architecture and design of these historical constructions in the light of local traditions and lifestyle. The study is divided into two parts illustrating materials and techniques used to create these fascinating buildings and key design principles tightly associated with regional culture. Construction materials and techniques. In Slavic world wooden constructions were dominant until mid-1950s. Vast territories covered with forest provided cheap, solid, and easy-to-access building material used for domestic, industrial, economic, defensive, public, and religious units. Most ancient architectural monuments of that area trace their roots back to early 10th century which is also recorded in chronicles and modern ethnographic materials. Traditionally architects recognize three styles of Eastern European wooden churches including Hutsul style (originated from the name of ethnical group in Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains), Gothic style, and Baroque churches adopted from western civilization . Hutsul churches have brought to us the oldest manner of Eastern European church building based on the principle of trinity – a church has three parts, three sections, and three towers. A Baroque tower gave name to 22 Baroque churches in this area. Churches with high spires and turrets represent the famous Gothic style in local communities. All wooden sacred monuments are based on log construction allowing various solutions in terms of horizontal planning and exterior design. Apart from quadrate frame, unique polygonal constructional forms are observed here especially in altar rooms. Fir, spruce, and pine were widely used in constructing non-load-bearing parts of the building while oak, red spruce, and yew were applied while creating bearers and ribbands for the construction. Typically, buildings were placed on strong foundation stones joined together by clay, lime, and sand. Older generations remember seeing eggs, bull’s blood, and breast milk combined together as an admixture for making the building stronger and more resistant to rains and storms . Initially for religious reasons no nail was used to make timber works and other constructional elements firm. This practice was very common to many wooden churches throughout entire region and some parts of Russia where this architectural phenomenon was present. Numerous conducted studies and artifacts found show that no-nail technique undoubtedly has to do with associations with crucifixion. To solve this problem local craftsmen were trying to create climate-friendly unions to keep construction in one piece. Their invention of unique blazes on assembling unions made it possible to start building churches without iron nails with decreasing use of even oak wedges. Unlike Slavs, German tribes preferred pole and light-frame constructions. This type of wooden temples can be encountered in England and Northern Europe including Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Similar architectural style has spread in Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, and Poland. The second biggest heritage of wooden temples is possessed by Norway and has strong historical roots directly connected with era of Vikings and their friendly relationships with Slavs . Exterior and interior design. One of the most distinctive features of monumental architecture is triple design symbolizing Trinity. Significant number of wooden churches consist of three parts emphasized by three towers. The middle log of the temple is the biggest construction with square shape which has altar room inside. The front part is a shorter copy of the middle log and serves as an assembly hall for nuns. The back part behind the altar room is the highest one and since it is always facing east as the beginning of a new day and life it has become a landmark for many travelers. Traditionally, location of all three parts corresponds to laws of symmetry which means that horizontal axis of the wooden church intersects with its vertical axis in the very middle of the building . In Middle Ages this so-called â€Å"triple style† was popular throughout entire territory of Kyiv Rus being applied on concrete churches as well. Irrelevant of construction material or religion practiced in the church Slavs would always build their churches on top of a hill or in some remote area. Only rare spiritual architectural monuments are located in the village downtown. People from Eastern European community still believe that both wooden and concrete churches are too sacred to be situated somewhere close to the city downtown full of noise and turmoil. Sacral buildings in Eastern Europe (primarily east of Slovakia and west of Ukraine) frequently had pronounced decorations on shingles. Wood carving ornaments covered approximately two thirds of the entire exterior design of the church. Rich decorations were stipulated by great number of carpenters and craftsmen who polished their talents on regular basis due to never-ending forests in the area. Many are still fascinated by remarkable iconostasis as a key and most valuable part of any church interior design. In wooden churches iconostasis is placed in altar room separating it from back part of the building. Iconostasis is a wall picturing sacred paintings decorated with gold. Together these paintings represent iconography which requires strict observance of holy rules and selection of topics. Typical iconostasis in wooden churches have three exits. The main one is located in the middle and is designed especially for the main priest. Two other ones house secondary priests and deacons which are not allowed to use the main exit decorated with carved vermeil. Many wooden temples in modern Slovakia, Poland, and Ukraine preserved ornamental conical, A-line, and pyramidal domes. Impacted by baroque, quadrangular roofs acquired four more corners turning into octagonal domes. Regardless of refusal from iron nails metal was still used to create additional functional details including crosses, gates, and window ironwork. Metal crosses placed on the top of each dome embodied creativity and talent of local artists. Apart from esthetic purposes, exterior and interior designs of wooden temples performed educational function as well. Artists painted walls using simple tools to educate people with Old and New Testaments. To do that they chose the finest wall of the temple with no windows or doors. Then using simple paint and brushes to make foliated lines on the wall they pictured Jesus, Maria, prophets, disciples, and evangelists. Interestingly enough, non-religious episodes were also portrayed on those walls which corresponded to feelings and thoughts of people at that time rather than specific sacral motives. Some icon illustrations were linked to specific life situations and peculiarities of local community which perceived some saints as guarantors for their existence and prosperity. Most frequent images included St. George who based on local beliefs was helping farmers, St. Nicholas who protected houses from fire and guaranteed well-being for carpenters, St. Michael as a sky warrior, and many other religious spirits. Such icons are marked with particularly exuberant ornament and thoroughly selected colors . Some of wooden temples in eastern part of Europe were not saved due to weather impacts and other negative influences. This is especially concerned World War I and World War II. Also active migration of local communities had negative effect on architectural monuments in general. However, once the church was built by permanent local community it was being taken care of appropriately. Experts in the field of sacred architecture say, Eastern Europeans created design and architecture for their religious buildings that would remind them of closeness with nature and necessity to enrich inner world on regular basis. This is the reason why interior design alongside with its iconostasis and paintings are so exuberant and rich. Unlike Latin churches, wooden temples in this part of the world fascinate by its perfect combination with surrounding environment. Color scheme here plays one of the most important parts since green forests and deep brown represent perfect match . Because of the painful losses in local wooden architecture the cultural value of each saved church has considerably increased and all wooden churches constructed in traditional manner are to be protected irrespective of age. In conclusion it would be appropriately to note that wooden churches in Eastern Europe symbolize peculiarities of local communities including religious beliefs, lifestyles, and geographical location. They represent special interest in comparison to other highlands such as the Alps which offer no architectural contribution whatsoever. Educative function of wooden temples remains very valuable even today since wall paintings provide better view of historical reality. Due to its geographical location eastern regions of Europe have been equally influenced by neighboring cultures but still managed to preserve their own architectural identity. Works Cited Bragg, Rick. Wooden Churches: A Celebration. New York: Algonquin Books, 1999. Patterson, Joby. Wooden Churches of the Carpathians: A Comparative Study. Bratislava: East European Monographs, 2001. Sopoliga, Miroslav. Pearls of Folk Architecture. London: Brand House, 1996

Chisholm and the Doctrine of Temporal Parts :: Science

Chisholm and the Doctrine of Temporal Parts In the appendix to Person and Object, Roderick Chisholm discusses the doctrine of temporal parts. Chisholm’s position is that the arguments commonly supplied in support of the doctrine are not successful. In this paper, I will consider Chisholm’s objections and then give my own responses in favor of the doctrine of temporal parts. The doctrine of temporal parts, commonly called four dimensionalism, is a metaphysical theory concerning how it is that objects persist through time. Four dimensionalism holds that objects are both spatially and temporally extended; as such, an object is considered to be demarcated by its dimensions in both the spatial and temporal realms. In terms of parthood, then, four dimensionalism considers an object to be jointly composed of both its spatial and temporal parts. Moreover, at any one point in time, it is only a spatiotemporal part of the entire four dimensional whole that is presenting itself to us. The four dimensionalist speaks of these parts, or stages (â€Å"time slices†) of the four dimensional object as constituting, over a period of time, the entire object[1]. Another way of putting this is to say that a four dimensional object is an aggregate of all of its spatial and temporal parts. Opposed to this view of the persistence of objects through time is three dimensionalism. Three dimensionalism appears to be more in line with our common everyday sense of how objects persist through time; one in which we believe in, as Chisholm puts it, â€Å"the concept of one and the same individual existing at different times† (143). In contrast to the four dimensionalist, then, the three dimensionalist maintains that objects persist by being â€Å"wholly present† at each point at which they exist. Ultimately, Chisholm uses his arguments against temporal parts in order to support his general theses concerning personal identity over time. However, it is not within the scope of this paper to explore the underlying reasons Chisholm might have had for arguing against the four dimensionalist: that topic is best left to a more extensive project on the subject of the persistence of objects through time. For now, we will just take a look at three criticisms that Chishol m proposes for the temporal parts theorist: (1) that the so-called spatial analogy is not accurate, (2) that the doctrine of temporal parts does not solve the Phillip drunk/ Phillip sober puzzle, and (3) that the doctrine is of no use in solving various other metaphysical puzzles. Chisholm and the Doctrine of Temporal Parts :: Science Chisholm and the Doctrine of Temporal Parts In the appendix to Person and Object, Roderick Chisholm discusses the doctrine of temporal parts. Chisholm’s position is that the arguments commonly supplied in support of the doctrine are not successful. In this paper, I will consider Chisholm’s objections and then give my own responses in favor of the doctrine of temporal parts. The doctrine of temporal parts, commonly called four dimensionalism, is a metaphysical theory concerning how it is that objects persist through time. Four dimensionalism holds that objects are both spatially and temporally extended; as such, an object is considered to be demarcated by its dimensions in both the spatial and temporal realms. In terms of parthood, then, four dimensionalism considers an object to be jointly composed of both its spatial and temporal parts. Moreover, at any one point in time, it is only a spatiotemporal part of the entire four dimensional whole that is presenting itself to us. The four dimensionalist speaks of these parts, or stages (â€Å"time slices†) of the four dimensional object as constituting, over a period of time, the entire object[1]. Another way of putting this is to say that a four dimensional object is an aggregate of all of its spatial and temporal parts. Opposed to this view of the persistence of objects through time is three dimensionalism. Three dimensionalism appears to be more in line with our common everyday sense of how objects persist through time; one in which we believe in, as Chisholm puts it, â€Å"the concept of one and the same individual existing at different times† (143). In contrast to the four dimensionalist, then, the three dimensionalist maintains that objects persist by being â€Å"wholly present† at each point at which they exist. Ultimately, Chisholm uses his arguments against temporal parts in order to support his general theses concerning personal identity over time. However, it is not within the scope of this paper to explore the underlying reasons Chisholm might have had for arguing against the four dimensionalist: that topic is best left to a more extensive project on the subject of the persistence of objects through time. For now, we will just take a look at three criticisms that Chishol m proposes for the temporal parts theorist: (1) that the so-called spatial analogy is not accurate, (2) that the doctrine of temporal parts does not solve the Phillip drunk/ Phillip sober puzzle, and (3) that the doctrine is of no use in solving various other metaphysical puzzles.

Indigenous Education in Canada & Australia Essay

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD HAVE BEEN A MAJOR TARGET FOR DISCRIMINATION AND THIS HAS BEEN THE CASE THROUGHOUT HISTORY, HOWEVER, THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF AUSTRALIA AND CANADA HAVE QUITE RECENTLY FELT THE BURDEN. IT IS EVIDENT THAT DURING THE 1990’S TO THE EARLY 2000’S, A LOWER STANDARD OF EDUCATION RECEIVED BY INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS HAS A CLOSE SIMILARITY WITH THE EDUCATION RECEIVED BY INDIGENOUS CANADIANS. THE NON-INDIGENOUS RESULTS FROM STUDENTS IN BOTH AUSTRALIA AND CANADA HAVE EXCEEDED THE STANDARD OF INDIGENOUS STUDENT’S RESULTS WHICH HAS TERRIBLY DISADVANTAGED THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES OF AUSTRALIA AND CANADA. THE NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN EDUCATION RESULTS IS DUE TO THE UNFAIR TREATMENT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA, FROM TEACHING DIFFERENT AND DISHONEST CURRICULUM, MISSING OUT ON VALUABLE OPPORTUNITIES, NOT BEING ABLE TO INCORPORATE THEIR NATIVE TRADITIONS AND EVEN THE HARSH AND RACIST BULLYING. THESE ARE ALL WELL-FOUNDED EXAMPLES OF THE LACK OF QUALITY EDUCATION THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HAVE RECEIVED. SINCE COLONISATION IN CANADA, MISSIONARIES HAD ESTABLISHED SCHOOLS FOR INDIGENOUS CHILDREN. THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS BELIEVED THAT BY USING ASSIMILATION, INDIGENOUS CHILDREN WOULD BECOME CIVILISED AND WOULD BRING THEM INTO COLONIAL SOCIETY. (WIKIPEDIA, 2014) THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF SCHOOLS WERE BOARDING SCHOOLS THAT WERE LOCATED ON OR NEAR THE RESERVES AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS THAT WERE LOCATED IN THE CITIES AND RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAINING INDIGENOUS CHILDREN FOR MANUAL LABOUR. DESPITE THE INDIGENOUS STUDENTS LEARNING READING, WRITING, MATHS AND LABOURING SKILLS, THEY WERE ON THE OTHER HAND TAKEN AWAY FROM THEIR FAMILIES AND UNABLE TO SPEAK IN THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGE. IN SOME SCHOOLS, SERVER PUNISHMENT WAS REQUIRED IF STUDENTS SPOKE IN THEIR NATIVE LANGUAGES (AUSTRALIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION 2010). IN COMPARISON TO THIS, WHEN AUSTRALIA EXPERIENCED IT’S ‘STOLEN GENERATION’ OF ASSIMILATING INDIGENOUS AND HALF-CAST CHILDREN INTO MODERN DAY SOCIETY, THE CHILDREN WERE NOT ONLY FORCED INTO ATTENDING REGULAR SCHOOLING, BUT THEY WERE ALSO IN SOME CASES, FORCED INTO SLAVERY. (WIKIPEDIA, 2014) IN SOME CASES, THE INDIGENOUS CHILDREN COPED WITH THE TRAUMA OF LOSING THEIR FAMILIES, AND FLOURISHED, DESPITE THE PREVAILING SENSE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR LOSS OF AND SEPARATION FROM THEIR BIRTH FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES, LAND AND CULTURE. HOWEVER, FOR MANY OTHER CHILDREN, WHO WERE PLACED WITH UNSATISFACTORY FOSTER PARENTS OR IN INSTITUTIONS, AS ADULTS THEY CONTINUE TO STRUGGLE TO OVERCOME THEIR EXPERIENCES OF TRAUMA, LOSS, ISOLATION, AND OFTEN, ABUSE. (NATIONAL SORRY DAY COMMITTEE, 2014) IN THE SAME MANNER, BOTH CANADA AND AUSTRALIA WERE LARGE SUPPORTERS OF ASSIMILATION AND WANTING INDIGENOUS CHILDREN TO GROW UP LEARNING THE SAME THINGS AS NON-INDIGENOUS CHILDREN. ALTHOUGH THE HIERARCHY IN BOTH COUNTRIES WERE SIMPLY ATTEMPTING TO ‘HELP THE NATION GROW’, THEY WERE IN THE LONG RUN, MAKING IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR INDIGENOUS CITIZENS TO BECOME ACCEPTED INTO SOCIETIES. STATISTICS SHOW THAT IN CANADA, MORE THAN ONE-THIRD OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE HAVE NOT COMPLETED HIGH SCHOOL. (AUCC. CA, 2010) THESE LOW RESULTS STEM FROM THE GOVERNMENT’S EFFORTS TO ‘HELP THE NATION GROW’ WHICH MAY HAVE BACK-FIRED AS MOST INDIGENOUS PEOPLE FELT THAT THE EFFORTS MADE WERE NOT HUMANE AND COMPLETELY RIDICULOUS. IT IS EVIDENT IN MANY WRITTEN SOURCES THAT IN BOTH COUNTRIES, ABORIGINAL CHILDREN WERE BULLIED AND ISOLATED FROM MOST OTHER NON-INDIGENOUS STUDENTS. THIS WAS A MAJOR DOWNFALL FOR THE INDIGENOUS CHILDREN AS SCHOOL WAS NOT FUN OR ENJOYABLE BY ANY MEANS AND FOR THEM, THERE WASN’T MUCH REASON TO PUT ANY EFFORT INTO SOMETHING THEY WERE FORCED INTO ATTENDING. (ANDREW SHARPE, 2009) BOTH CANADA’S AND AUSTRALIA’S STATISTICS ARE VERY SIMILAR AND CAN BE COMPARED TO EACH OTHER WITH ROUGHLY THE SAME LEVEL OF OVERALL RESULTS. ALTHOUGH, AUSTRALIA’S STATISTICS TELL THAT IN 2007, 64% OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AGED 18-24 YEARS HAD COMPLETED GRADE 12. (HUMAN RIGHTS, 2012) THIS SCIENTIFIC STATISTIC SHOWS HOW OVER TIME, THE ‘YOUNGER GENERATION’ OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ARE STARTING TO PAY MORE AND MORE INTEREST INTO THEIR EDUCATION. EVENTUALLY AS TIME PASSED BY INTO THE EARLY 2000’S, EDUCATION IN BOTH CANADA AND AUSTRALIA BECAME AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR OF EVOLVING INTO AN ‘ESTABLISHED’ ADULT. BEING EDUCATED AND/OR HAVING AN EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND OPENED MANY WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR MOST, RESULTING IN MAINTAINING A WELL-PAYING JOB, MAKING IT EASIER TO ASSIMILATE INTO SOCIETY AND ALSO BEING ABLE TO MAKE CONSCIOUS DECISIONS FOR THE BETTER. THIS INCLUDES UPHOLDING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE WHICH CAN BE DEVELOPED AND USED TO PASS ONTO OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS FOR A CLEARER FAMILY WELL-BEING. (CPRN, 2007) NOT ONLY DID EDUCATION BECOME A HUGE PART OF EVOLVING INTO A WELL- ROUNDED PERSON, IT ALSO PROVIDED SOCIETY WITH DYNAMIC EXTERNALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH; STATIC KNOWLEDGE SPILL OVERS; NON-MARKET EXTERNAL BENEFITS SUCH AS REDUCED CRIMINAL ACTIVITY; AND SOCIAL BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH TAXATION. (RIDDELL, 2006) UNLIKE CANADA, AUSTRALIA HAS MADE MANY EFFORTS TO TRY AND MAKE UP FOR ALL OF THE SUFFERING THE GOVERNMENTS CAUSED DURING THE ASSIMILATION PROCESS. ONE OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FIRST steps to remission was made in 1990, when the establishment of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation was made by law of the federal Parliament. Another significant moment for reconciliation was when the human rights and equal opportunity commission presented ‘Bringing Them Home’ – the Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their families presented to Federal Parliament in 1997. (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2010). Through all of the memorial dates and events for reconciliation, Australia’s ‘National Sorry Day’, held annually on the 26th of May is an event that is close to many people’s hearts, and will continue to be a very momentous day. Despite the many attempts at reconciliation in Australia, assimilating Indigenous children into a modern day society with education will unfortunately always be remembered by the Indigenous community for decades to come. Although, because education can give you so many useful life-long skills, it is positive that more and more Indigenous people are attempting to become involved, especially after a past of such negativity.

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis: Characters of the Film Public Enemies

Communications 100 Interpersonal Analysis Effective interpersonal communication is crucial to development of all denominations of relationships between two or more individuals; from roll relationships shared between a doctor and patient, to platonic relationships shared between friends. Chiefly, interpersonal communication is arguably the most essential aspect contributing to the success or failure of a romantic relationship between a dyad.Communication directly influences the type of relationship participants share, how the relationship unfolds, and how satisfying that relationship is to the individuals sharing it. A lack of communication between individuals in an intimate relationship, such as one shared between a boyfriends and a girlfriend, typically results in mutual dissatisfaction which can lead to a decline in health of the individuals, both physically and emotionally, and ultimately, the disintegration of the relationship altogether. Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own†Romantic relationships develop and change over time as people communicate with one another. The evolution of the relationship can be depicted through four specific models; Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory, Mark Knapp and Anita Vangelisti’s Knapp’s Stage Model, Leslie Baxter and Connie Bullis’s Turning Point Model and, Leslie Baxter’s Dialectical Theory. The progression of romantic relationships can easily be analyzed in films because they are vividly depicted and often over exaggerated.Michael Mann’s 2009 film, Public Enemies, an adaptation of the non-fiction book by Bryan Burrough, Public Enemies: America’s Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-34, chronicles the progression of the romantic relationship between the notorious bank robber John Dillinger and Billie Frechette while he is pursued by FBI agent Melvin Purvis in the midst of the Great Depression. The relationship Frechette and Dillinger carry out in the film perfectly displays the natural progression of an intimate relationship through the first five steps of the staircase in Knapp’s Stage Model.Knapp’s Stage Model is a communication model that conceptualizes relational development as a staircase consisting of five steps, with each step representing a respective stage of the relationship, that lead up toward commitment followed by five steps that descend from commitment towards the end of a relationship. The five steps that lead upwards towards commitment in chronological order are: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. John Dillinger and Billie Frechette met one night at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago where the initiating stage occurred.Initiating is when the individuals try to establish as positive an impression of oneself as possible to appear likeable an d pleasant. This stage is where the first impressions are made from a greetings and physical appearance. However, in order for the initiating stage to occur, the individuals need to signal interest in initiating contact at all. In our society, especially historically in time periods like the Great Depression, men typically initiate heterosexual romantic relationships, but only after the woman sends cues that they are single and interested primarily through kinesics nonverbal communication like eye contact and smiles.The excerpt from the movie script below shows the pre-initiation stage where Dillinger first sees Frechette and she sends nonverbal cues from across the crowded ballroom that she is both available and interested: ARAGON BALLROOM-NIGHT JOHN DILLINGER is watching a sexy young woman on the dance floor. He loses sight of her†¦ He's expecting someone. Then, Dillinger sees her again: jet black hair in a bob, brown eyes, high and a great smile. She lights up a room. She is BILLIE FRECHETTE. She feels the stare and looks over. She studies him, then, looks away. Dillinger adjusts his chair to watch for the girl.Dellinger can't see Billie anymore. Billie reappears, dancing with a young man. Dillinger keeps his eye on Billie. Music ends. Young man escorts her to her table. He tries to join her. She turns him down. Dillinger finishes his drink, approaches. He now sees how beautiful Billie is. She looks Dillinger straight in the eye. Clear skin, dark eyes with humor playing about the edges. He unexpectedly starts to feel nervous. He gives her his best grin. Next is the initiating stage where Dillinger initiates communication following a standard interpersonal script for meeting a new person consisting of an icebreaker and beginning an introduction.Billie forms a first impression of Dillinger based on her perceptions of him. Billie categorizes him by labeling him in her mind as â€Å"Not a hustler† and interprets that â€Å"he’s holding somet hing back† from the sensory input she selected to focus on. She then provides feedback showing her mutual interest to proceed to the experimenting stage. DILLINGER I don't know what you said to your friend, but I sure am glad you did. What's your name? Billie looks him over: a well-made man in a good suit with a great smile. And, paradoxes: he easily talks to women but he's not a hustler. He's young, but there's a world of experience in his face.Open, but he's holding something back. BILLIE Billie Frechette. DILLINGER Can I buy you a drink? Billie rises and they cross the bar. Is that French? BILLIE On my father's side. There's an â€Å"e† at the end. Do you have a name? DILLINGER Jack Harris. Music changes to â€Å"Bye Bye Blackbird. † The experimenting stage on relational development is when the participants try to learn more about each other by asking questions and start to self-disclose information to establish common interests. Typically, the proxemics obser ved between two people who are just beginning to become acquainted is at a personal distance of eighteen inches to four feet.However, because the progression of relationship between Dillinger and Frechette is depicted in a film that is just under two hours in duration, the experimenting stage is combined with the proceeding intensifying stage. Thus, Billie and Dillinger quickly move to an intimate distance while dancing to increase their connectedness. This stage is full of â€Å"tests. † First, individuals test the potential of progressing the relationship further by increasing self-disclosure to see if the other reciprocates the same level of disclosure and gain feedback on their impressions.Billie tests Dillinger to see how he reacts to her ethnicity in era in which darker physical characteristics were not valued as highly on the social comparison scale of attractiveness. Billie expresses her self-concept perceptions that that been influenced by the reflected appraisals fr om society when she shares her primary identity by stating â€Å"I’m Menominee Indian,† and secondary identity by stating â€Å"I check coats at the Steuben Club. † BILLIE Do you dance, Jack? DILLINGER I don't know how. BILLIE How come you don't know how to dance? It’s easy. Follow me.This is a two-step. She smiles a pretty smile at him. She stays an inch or two distant in his arms. It’s slow and languorous. He follows her with little difficulty. DILLINGER My, but you are pretty. They look into each other's eyes. He pulls her closer, wants to kiss her long smooth neck. He almost can't resist†¦ Their lips are an inch apart. And then she rests her cheek on his shoulder and the kiss that wasn't hangs in the air around them. He whispers†¦ Daddy’s French, what's on the other side? BILLIE Im Menominee Indian OK. But most men don't like that†¦She glares at him. DILLINGER I'm not most men. BILLIE And I check coats at the Steuben Club. What do you do, Jack? DILLINGER I'm catching up. BILLIE Catching up on what? DILLINGER On life, meeting someone like you. Dark, beautiful, like the black bird in that song He touches her hair. She laughs at the flattery. Holds his eyes a beat with an ironic look. He returns the look. They look away. Say, how'd you like some dinner? Billy nods. He nods courteously to her girlfriends, grabs her coat, puts a hand around Billie's waist and steers her out. It’s cold in the street.Dillinger pulls her close. Following, is the integration stage of relationship growth. During the fourth step, the deepest levels of self-disclosure begin signaling trust and intimacy and the individuals portray themselves as couple. Billie and Dillinger go to a restaurant together appearing to others as a couple. This scene also perfectly illustrates the three key factors necessary in the influence of one’s attraction to another: proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity. GOLD COAST REST AURANT – NIGHT Dillinger slips him bills. He and Billie are shown to a table.The clientele is North Shore old money and businessmen. Some of the women are in dazzling dresses even though it's mid-Depression. A few stare at Billie. She's out of her class. BILLIE What is it, exactly that you do for a living? She stares at him, ignoring her menu. He looks over the top of his menu DILLINGER. I’m John Dillinger. I rob banks. That's where all these people here put their money. BILLIE Why'd you tell me that? You could have made up a story†¦ DILLINGER ‘Cause I ain’t gonna lie to you. BILLIE That's a pretty serious thing to say to a girl you just met.DILLINGER I know you. BILLIE Well, I don’t know you†¦I haven't been any place or done anything. DILLINGER Some of the places I been ain't so hot. Where I'm going is a lot better. Wanna come along? BILLIE Boy, you are in a hurry. DILLINGER If you were looking at what I am looking at, you'd be in a hurry too. Laughs at his flattery, which she is also finding persuasive, then leans in. BILLIE Well, it’s me they're looking at this time. DILLINGER That's 'cause you're beautiful. BILLIE They’re looking at me because they're not used to having a girl in their restaurant in a three-dollar dress.He takes her hand DILLINGER Listen, doll, that's 'cause they're all about where people come from. Only thing important is where somebody's going. She smiles excitedly BILLIE Where are you going? DILLINGER Anywhere I want. Let's get out of here. She nods. They get up, get their things and he leads her with his hand on the small of her back. On their way†¦ a man intercepts Dillinger. (To Billie): Go wait outside. I'll be right there. Billie turns and walks out of the restaurant. Finally, the fifth stage of the relational development incline towards commitment is bonding.The bonding stage is where the relationship is characterized by public commitment. STEUBEN CLUB- NIGHT Dillinger enters, sees Billie talking with another hostess checking coats and hats. BILLIE (Without looking up at Dillinger): May I check your coat, sir? DILLINGER You ran out on me. BILLIE You left me standing alone on the sidewalk. She places her hand on her hip DILLINGER If you're going to be my girl, you have to swear you'll never, ever do that again. A CUSTOMER comes up and puts his ticket on the counter. BILLIE (Ignoring customer) Hey! I’m not your girl!And I’m not going to say that DILLINGER I'm waiting. CUSTOMER So am I. DILLINGER (to Billie) â€Å"I am not ever going to run out on you again. † Say it. BILLIE No. DILLINGER Well, I ain’t ever gonna run out on you. And that's a promise. CUSTOMER Well, I want to run out of here. So, lady, will you get my coat†¦? Dillinger swings him to the counter, grabs the man's ticket, slams through the half door, finds the man's coat, tosses it at him†¦ DILLINGER (To Customer): Hit the road Sport. Beat the tip. (To Billie): You ain't getting other people's hats and coats no more either.You’re with me now. He takes her coat and holds it for her. She doesn't move. BILLIE I don't know anything about you. DILLINGER I was raised on a farm in Mooresville, Indiana. My ma died when I was three. My daddy beat the hell out of me because he didn't know no better way to raise me I like baseball, movies, good clothes, fast cars, and you. What else do you need to know? She gets into her coat. Dillinger opens the door for her. Although this interaction is fictional, John Dillinger and Billie Frechette really did carry out a relationship that progressed much like the one depicted above.However, their relationship did not decline down the staircase through the five steps of termination; differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and terminating, because John Dillinger was shot and killed by FBI agent Winstead outside of the Biograph Theatre in Chicago. Billie was incarcerated on charges of being an accomplice to one of America’s most wanted criminals until 1936 and lived the rest of her life in Wisconsin. Works Cited Alberts, Jess K. , Judith N. Martin, and Thomas K. Nakayama. Communication Fundamentals. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, 2011.Print. Eiderman, Ann, Michael Mann, and Ronan Bennett. â€Å"Public Enemies Script. † The Internet Movie Script Database (IMSDb). N. p. , Nov. 2007. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. imsdb. com/scripts/Public-Enemies. html;. â€Å"Knapp's Relational Development Model. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. ;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knapp's_Relational_Development_Model>. â€Å"Public Enemies (2009 Film). † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 15 Mar. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. .

List of Dean Koontz Books, Stories, and Other Writings

List of Dean Koontz Books, Stories, and Other Writings Dean Koontz went from being the quintessential struggling writer to dominating the suspense thriller genre with works in the fields of horror, fantasy, science fiction, and mystery. He was hardly an overnight success, but his long list of works is evidence of his popularity and longevity. In time, many of his novels were released as  big-screen movies. Koontz has been publishing  books, stories, novellas, comics, and graphic  novels for six decades, using his own name and the pseudonyms K.R. Dwyer, Aaron Wolfe, Brian Coffey, Leigh Nichols, Owen West, Richard Paige, Deanna Dwyer, Leonard Chris, and David Axton. Here is a complete list of Dean Koontzs books and writings under his name and  all his pseudonyms by year. 1965-1969: Koontz Early Works Much of Koontzs early work was in the form of short fiction. He wrote evenings and weekends while working as an English teacher. When his wife offered to support him for five years while he tried to make a go of being a writer, he was free to kick-start what would become a long and impressive career. 1965 - The Kittens short fiction1965 - This Fence short fiction1965 - The Reflector poetry collection1966 - Some Disputed Barricade short fiction1966 - A Miracle Is Anything short fiction1966 - Ibsens Dream essay1966 - Of Childhood essay1967 - To Behold the Sun short fiction1967 - Love 2005 short fiction1967 - Soft Come the Dragons short fiction1968 - The Psychedelic Children short fiction1968 - The Twelfth Bed short fiction1968 - Dreambird short fiction1968 - Star Quest1969 - Fear That Man1969 - The Fall of the Dream Machine1969 - Muse short fiction1969 - The Face in His Belly: Part One short fiction1969 - Dragon In the Land short fiction1969 - The Face in His Belly: Part Two short fiction1969 - Where the Beast Runs short fiction1969 - Killerbot short fiction1969 - Temple of Sorrow short fiction1969 - In the Shield short fiction 1970-1979: Koontz Receives Hugo Award Nomination for Beastchild The 70s were formative years for Koontz as he experimented with different genres. His first formal recognition of success came with a Hugo nomination for his novel Beastchild. 1970 - Hung (as Leonard Chris)1970 - Hells Gate1970 - Dark Symphony1970 - Dark of the Woods1970 - Beastchild1970 - Anti-Man1970 - The Underground Lifestyles Handbook (with Gerda Koontz), nonfiction1970 - The Pig Society (with Gerda Koontz), nonfiction1970 - Soft Come the Dragons short story collection1970 - Unseen Warriors short fiction1970 - Shambolain short fiction1970 - The Crimson Witch short fiction1970 - Beastchild short fiction1970 - Emanations short fiction1970 - The Mystery of His Flesh short fiction1970 - The Good Ship Lookoutworld short fiction1970 - Nightmare Gang short fiction1970 - A Third Hand short fiction1971 - Legacy of Terror (as Deanna Dwyer)1971 - The Crimson Witch1971 - Bruno short fiction1972 - Warlock!1972 - Time Thieves1972 - Starblood1972 - Demon Child (as Deanna Dwyer)1972 - A Darkness in My Soul1972 - The Dark of Summer (as Deanna Dwyer)1972 - Children of the Storm (as Deanna Dwyer)1972 - The Flesh in the Furnace 1972 - Chase (as K. R. Dwyer)1972 - Writing Popular Fiction nonfiction1972 - A Mouse in the Walls of the Global Village short fiction1972 - Ollies Hands short fiction1972 - Altarboy short fiction1972 - Cosmic Sin short fiction1972 - The Terrible Weapon1973 - Shattered (as K. R. Dwyer)1973 - Demon Seed1973 - A Werewolf Among Us1973 - The Haunted Earth1973 - Hanging On1973 - Dance with the Devil (as Deanna Dwyer)1973 - Blood Risk (as Brian Coffey)1973 - The Undercity short fiction1973 - Terra Phobia short fiction1973 - Wake Up To Thunder short fiction1973 - The Sinless Child short fiction1973 - Grayworld short fiction1974 - Surrounded (as Brian Coffey)1974 - After the Last Race1974 - Night of the Storm short fiction1974 - We Three short fiction1975 - Wall of Masks (as Brian Coffey)1975 - Nightmare Journey1975 - The Long Sleep (as John Hill)1975 - Dragonfly (as K. R. Dwyer)1975 - Invasion (as Aaron Wolfe), reissued as Winter Moon in 1994 1976 - Prison of Ice (as David Axton), reissued as Icebound in 19951976 - Night Chills1977 - The Vision1977 - The Face of Fear (as Brian Coffey)1979 - The Key to Midnight (as Leigh Nichols)1979 - CHiPs episode 306: Counterfeit (as Brian Coffey), screenplay 1980-1989: Whispers Becomes Koontzs First Paperback Bestseller Comfortably established in a style The New York Times called psychologically complex, masterly and satisfying, Koontz saw Whispers become his first paperback bestseller in 1980. 1980 - Whispers1980 - The Voice of the Night (as Brian Coffey)1980 - The Funhouse (as Owen West)1981 - The Mask (as Owen West)1981 - The Eyes of Darkness (as Leigh Nichols)1981 - How To Write Best-Selling Fiction nonfiction1982 - The House of Thunder (as Leigh Nichols)1983 - ​Phantoms1984 - Darkfall1985 - Twilight Eyes reissued with extension in 19871985 - The Door to December (as Richard Paige)1986 - Strangers1986 - The Black Pumpkin short fiction1986 - The Monitors of Providence short fiction1986 - Snatcher short fiction1986 - Weird World short fiction1986 - Down in the Darkness short fiction1987 - Watchers1987 - Shadow Fires (as Leigh Nichols)1987 - Graveyard Highway short fiction1987 - Twilight of the Dawn short fiction1987 - Miss Atilla the Hun short fiction1987 - Hardshell short fiction1987 - The Interrogation short fiction1988 - The Servants of Twilight (as Leigh Nichols)1988 - Lightning1988 - Oddkins: A Fable for All Ages a childrens book 1989 - Midnight1989 - Trapped short fiction 1990-1999: Koontz Novels Reach No. 1 The prolific Koontz, who says he works 60 to 70 hours a week, continued to turn out suspenseful books. The Bad Place and Hideaway reached No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list in this decade. 1990 - The Bad Place1991 - Cold Fire1992 - Hideaway1993 - Mr. Murder1993 - Dragon Tears1994 - Winter Moon1994 - Dark Rivers of the Heart1994 - Strange Highways short story collection1995 - Icebound1995 - Strange Highways1996 - Intensity1996 - Ticktock1996 - Santas Twin a childrens book1997 - Demon Seed (revised)1997 - Sole Survivor1998 - Fear Nothing1998 - Seize the Night1998 - Phantoms screenplay1998 - Pinkie short fiction1999 - False Memory1999 - Black River short fiction 2000-2009: Koontz Introduces Popular Character Odd Thomas By this time, Koontz novels were frequently on the bestseller lists, but the introduction of a new character, Odd Thomas, kicked off one of his most popular creations and series of books, Few central characters capture the hearts of readers like Odd Thomas, the unassuming short-order cook with clairvoyant abilities. 2000 - From the Corner of His Eye2001 - One Door Away from Heaven2001 - The Paper Doorway : Funny Verse and Nothing Worse a childrens book2001 - Qual Con short fiction2002 - By the Light of the Moon2003 - The Face2003 - Odd Thomas2003 - Every Days a Holiday : Amusing Rhymes for Happy Times a childrens book2003 - The Book Of Counted Sorrows poetry collection2004 - The Taking2004 - Life Expectancy2004 - Robot Santa: The Further Adventures of Santas Twin a childrens book2004 - Life Is Good! Lessons in Joyful Living (with Trixie Koontz), nonfiction2005 - Frankensteins Prodigal Son (with Kevin J. Anderson), Book One in Koontzs Frankenstein series2005 - Velocity2005 - City of Night (with Ed Gorman), Book Two in the Dean Koontzs Frankenstein series2005 - Forever Odd2005 - Christmas Is Good!: Trixie Treats And Holiday Wisdom (with Trixie Koontz), nonfiction2005 - Dean Koontzs Frankenstein screenplay2006 - The Husband2006 - Brother Odd2007 - The Good Guy 2007 - The Darkest Evening of the Year2008 - Odd Hours2008 - In Odd We Trust2008 - Bliss to You: Trixies Guide to a Happy Life (with Trixie Koontz)2009 - A Big Little Life: A Memoir of a Joyful Dog Named Trixie2009 - Nevermore2009 - I, Trixie, Who Is Dog2009 - Breathless 2010 to Present: Odd Dominates Responding to the wishes of his readers, Koontz turned out several more Odd Thomas novels, as well as a digital series and a graphic novel based on the popular character, in addition to other work. Toward the end of the decade, Dean Koontz stated he fell in love with a new character, Jane Hawk, in The Silent Corner and anticipates several novels featuring the new character. 2010 - Darkness Under the Sun novella2010 - Odd Is on Our Side2010 - Trixie Jinx2010 - What the Night Knows2010 - Frankenstein: Lost Souls2011 - Frankenstein: The Dead Town2011 - 77 Shadow Street2011 - Dean Koontzs Nevermore comic book2011 - Nevermore2011 - Fear Nothing, Volume 1 graphic novel2011 - The Moonlit Mind novella2012 -​  House of Odd graphic novel2012 - Oddkins digital book for children2012 - Odd Apocalypse2012 - Odd Interlude 3-part digital series2013 - Deeply Odd2013 - Wilderness short story2013 - Innocence2014 - You Are Destined to Be Together Forever novella2014 - Ask Anna: Advice for the Furry and Forlorn2014 - The Neighbor novella2014 - Saint Odd2014 - The City2015 - Last Light novella2015 - Final Hour novella2015 - Ashley Bell2017 -​ The Silent Corner2018 - Ricochet Joe Kindle motion book

History of TV Idents Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

History of TV Idents - Dissertation Example Their first ident was a logo that appeared between programs to identify the service. The logo was a simple black and white figure that consisted of different shapes. This first ident was known as the, â€Å"bat’s wings.† The â€Å"bat’s wings† was designed by Abram Games. The logo was an array of mechanical contraption perfected using the best talent and technology of the time. The logo had a small globe spinning at the centre. The globe was then surrounded by two eyelike structures spinning around it. The â€Å"eyes†, then had lightning flashes on both sides (Wiseman, 2010). Bat’s wings (the first TV ident) The bat’s wing was filmed and not produced live like other later idents. The ident was temperamental and broke down a short moment after its filming. Other TV stations soon adapted the BBC ident style and soon all commercial TV stations in London and all over the UK had their own 2D model idents. As many stations cropped up all ove r the world, the technology used in creating idents improved giving way for another generation of idents. In the early 60’s the bat’s wings had been faced out of by the BBC TV logo. The logo was a map of Britain divided according to the regions the BBC broadcasted. The map of the UK later necessitated the use of the globe as the BBC spread its wings all over the world into the British Empire and further. The logo amounted to the broadcaster’s emblem and most people associated with it. The logo was a rotating globe of the earth while a specially designed caption reading â€Å"BBC TV† would appear later. The rotating globe was accompanied by a speaker announcing, â€Å"This is BBC Television†. The first guise of the famous BBC globe appeared in September, 30th 1963. When the BBC started streaming in color in 1969 the first version of the mirror globe was transmitted (Wiseman 2011). The first color ident of the BBC The ident was accompanied with the w ord colour. Inclusion of the word, â€Å"Colour† was meant to remind viewers to buy a new colour TV if they were still getting their transmission in black and white TV. Initially the mirror globe was black with a blue landmasses and logo so that people with black and white televisions could not have their viewing disrupted a lot by a totally colour ident. The mirror comprised of a globe of the world rotating across the landmasses of all continents in the world. Below the landmasses there was a blue line and below it were the words, â€Å"BBC 1 COLOUR† in blue. The ident was complex since the word BBC 1 was italicized to appear as â€Å"BBC 1† while COLOUR remained normal. The ident was critisised for having a very dark background by colour viewers necessitating the need for a more coloured ident. This led to the revision of the mirror globe in 1974. The ident had a futura bold BBC 1 which was not separated from the upper part of the ident as in the earlier versi on of the mirror globe. The colour of the ident was also changed to blue and yellow. The landmasses were yellow while the background and the areas representing the oceans were blue. The word, COLOUR was removed (Wiseman, 2011) The mirror globe was then changed in 1981. The new version of the mirror globe had a BBC 1 double stripped. The globe was also changed to green. The background remained blue. The ident was created by the Nexus Orthicon Display Device (NODD). This device worked in such a way that the image was filmed in black and white

Life-cycle saving taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Life-cycle saving taxation - Essay Example In addition, an employee is able to claim tax relief through the tax return if the pension contribution is not catered in the deduction of tax by the employer. Similarly, individuals under the personal scheme forfeit income tax before the pension contribution is catered. However, the tax is reclaimed by the pension provider at a basic rate of 20 per cent (HMRC.com, 2014). In addition, an individual is able to claim back the excess tax remitted through the tax return. However, the maximum amount of income saving that enjoys tax relief under the current taxation system is  £50,000. Furthermore, an individual taking early withdrawal from the pension pot before the retirement age is liable for paying tax bill that is equal to 55 per cent of the pension savings withdrawn. However, if an individual withdraws the pension after reaching the set out age, he/she will pay tax depending on the taxable income after the tax-free allowances (HMRC.com, 2014). The tax that individuals pay on their pension is a lump-sum tax that is a fixed tax regardless of the asset owned or income. Consequently, household income savings are not taxed in UK but they are taxed when the savings is withdrawn. This strategy encourages savings in the country from household income earned during their working days to consume it in their retirement at a fair taxation scheme. The proposed taxation system by the author is one that observes the neutrality principle in taxing the income savings. Neutrality principle in taxation is the condition where the individual’s efficacy in the economic well being is not hindered by taxation mechanism employed by the policy makers (Anderson, 2012). This implies that the taxation of the households’ savings should be done in a way that does not distort their choice on the time they should consume income. In addition, the taxation system should avoid distorting the choices households